About 316Ti, UNS S31635, 1.4571 Stainless Steels

What is 316Ti Stainless Steel?

• Stainless Steel 316Ti (UNS S31635, WNR 1.4571) is a titanium-stabilized version of Type 316 stainless steel and is most commonly recommended for elevated temperature situations. This grade contains a small amount typically only 0.5% of titanium. While it still possesses many of the characteristics of other 316 grades, the addition of titanium allows 316Ti to be protected from precipitation at high temperatures, even with prolonged exposure. 316Ti also contains an addition of molybdenum in its composition. Like in other 316 grades, the molybdenum serves as increased protection against corrosion than the conventional chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steels such as Type 304, pitting from chloride solutions and offer higher creep, stress-rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperature. However, its high temperature resistance is also compounded by its titanium content, which allows 316Ti to be immune to precipitation at these temperatures. Additionally, the metal shows resistance to acids, such as sulfuric acids, hydrochloric acids, and acid sulfates.
• It is also known as DIN/EN designation No. 1.4571. Type 316 stainless steel can be susceptible to sensitization ñ the formation of grain boundary chromium carbides at temperatures between approximately 900 and 1500 °F (425 to 815 °C) ñ which can result in rapid corrosion. Reduced carbon Type 316L is resistant to sensitization; however, extended exposures in this temperature range will eventually result in sensitization of even the low carbon grade. Resistance to sensitization is achieved in Type 316Ti with titanium additions to stabilize the structure against chromium carbide precipitation, which is the source of sensitization. The titanium atoms stabilise the structure of the 316 at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. Thus, the alloy can be used for extended periods at elevated temperatures without compromising its corrosion resistance. 316Ti retains physical and mechanical properties similar to standard grades of 316. The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.
• Austenitic stainless steels can be welded together using many different welding processes. Some are more preferred for welding than others, such as 304, 308, 316, 321, and 347 which are all austenitic grades that are weldable.

Product Forms & Manufacturing Standards for Stainless Steel 316Ti

What is the Difference Between SS 304, SS 316 and SS 316L?

• The difference between 304 and 316 is that 304 contains 18% chromium and 8% nickel, while 316 contains 16% chromium, 10% nickel and 2% molybdenum. The molybdenum is added to help resist corrosion to chlorides (like sea water and de-icing salts).
• The difference between 316 and 316L stainless steel is that 316L has a .03 max carbon and is good for welding whereas 316 has a mid range level of carbon. Even greater corrosion resistance is delivered by 317L, in which molybdenum content increases to 3 to 4% from the 2 to 3% found in 316 and 316L.
• SS 316L is more ductile when annealed, and is markedly more corrosion resistant, especially after welding. 316L is much more weld friendly than 316, as it is less susceptible to intergranular corrosion, after welding or air service up to 1600 °F (intermittent) 1700 °F (continuous), due to carbide precipitation. In 316 carbide precipitation will occur between 900 F-1070 F after 9 hours, whereas 316L will precipitate carbides between 900 °F – 1010 °F after 181 hours, 316L showing much more resistance to sensitization.
• 316L is very similar to 316 in almost every way. Cost is very similar, and both are durable, corrosion-resistant, and a good choice for high-stress situations.
• 316L, however, is a better choice for a project that requires a lot of welding because 316 is more liable than 316L to weld decay, though 316 can be annealed to resist weld decay. 316L also is a great stainless steel for high-temperature, high-corrosion uses, which is why it’s so popular for use in construction and marine projects.
• SS 316/316L materials are not a low cost option as compared to 304/304L stainless steel materials, but are a low cost option when compared to 317L stainless steel. 317 and 317L stainless steels have higher molybdenum content and are better for overall corrosion resistance.

What are the Various Applications of Stainless Steel 316Ti?

Stainless steel 316Ti is mainly used for high temperature applications. Type 316Ti stainless steel has better corrosion properties than Type 316/316L stainless steel for high temperature applications. 316Ti to be immune to precipitation at high temperatures. Additionally, the metal shows resistance to acids, such as sulfuric acids, hydrochloric acids, and acid sulfates.

1. Industrial fluid conveying pipes
2. Mechanical structural tubes
3. Heat exchanger and condenser tubes
4. Pulp and paper manufacturing machinery
5. Boiler manufacturing

Properties and Processing Characteristics of Stainless Steel 316/ 316L/ 316Ti

• Annealing 316, 316L and 316Ti stainless steels requires heating to between 1,900 and 2,100 degrees Fahrenheit (1,038 to 1,149 degrees Celsius) before rapidly quenching.
• Type 316Ti grade stainless steel is particularly effective in acidic environments, protecting against corrosion caused by sulfuric, hydrochloric, acetic, formic, and tartaric acids, as well as acid sulfates and alkaline chlorides.
• Type 316L stainless steel is an extra-low carbon version of the 316 steel alloy. The lower carbon content in 316L minimizes deleterious carbide precipitation as a result of welding. Consequently, 316L is used when welding is required in order to ensure maximum corrosion resistance.

Equivalents of Stainless Steel 316/316L/316Ti

Chemical, Mechanical and Physical Properties of Stainless Steel 316/316L/316Ti

Chemical Composition of SS 316/316L/316Ti

Physical Properties of SS316/316L/316Ti

Mechanical Properties of SS 316/316L/316Ti

Fabrication Data for Stainless Steel 316/316L/316L

Alloy 316/316L/316L can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Hot Forming

• Working temperatures of 1700–2200°F (927–1204°C) are recommended for most hot working processes. For maximum corrosion resistance, the material should be annealed at 1900°F (1038°C) minimum and water quenched or rapidly cooled by other means after hot working.

Cold Forming

• The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily. Cold working operations will increase the strength and hardness of the alloy and might leave it slightly magnetic.

Welding

• Alloy 316/316L can be readily welded by most standard processes. A post weld heat treatment is not necessary.

Machining

• Alloy 316/316L is subject to work hardening during deformation and is subject to chip breaking. The best machining results are achieved with slower speeds, heavier feeds, excellent lubrication, sharp tooling and powerful rigid equipment.

Heat Treatment & Resistance Information for Stainless Steel 316/316L

Annealing

• The austenitic stainless steel are provided in the mill annealed condition ready for use. Heat treatment may be necessary during or after fabrication to remove the effects of cold forming or to dissolve precipitated chromium carbides resulting from thermal exposures.
• For the Alloys 316 and 317L the solution anneal is accomplished by heating in the 1900 to 2150°F (1040 to 1175°C) temperature range followed by air cooling or a water quench, depending on section thickness.
• Cooling should be sufficiently rapid through the 1500 to 800°F (816 to 427°C) range to avoid reprecipitation of chromium carbides and provide optimum corrosion resistance. In every case, the metal should be cooled from the annealing temperature to black heat in less than three minutes.
• Alloys 316 and 317L stainless steel tube cannot be hardened by heat treatment.

Heat Resistance

• Good oxidation resistance in intermittent service to 1600°F (870°C) and in continuous service to 1700°F (925°C)
• Grade 316L is more resistant to carbide precipitation.

Oxidation Resistance of Stainless Steel 316Ti

• 316Ti alloy exhibits excellent resistance to oxidation and a low rate of scaling in air atmospheres at temperatures up to 1600-1650°F (870-900°C). Weight change vs. time data for exposure of 316Ti stainless to air over a range of temperatures may be seen in the following figure. The performance of 316Ti stainless is slightly inferior to that of Type 304 stainless steel, which has slightly higher chromium content (18% vs. 16% for Type 316Ti). The rate of oxidation is greatly influenced by the atmosphere encountered in service and by operating conditions. For this reason, no data can be presented that is applicable to all service conditions.

Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel 316/316L/316Ti

• 316Ti has equivalent corrosion resistance to sensitisation as the low carbon version 316L.
• SS 316/316L are subject to pitting and crevice corrosion in warm chloride environments, and to stress corrosion cracking above about 122°F (50°C). Generally more resistant than 304 in range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media due to the increased chromium and molybdenum content. Considered resistant to potable water with up to about 1000mg/L chlorides at ambient temperatures, reducing to about 500mg/L at 140°F (60°C). Usually regarded as the “marine grade stainless steel” – but is not resistant to warm sea water.

Testing & Inspection of Stainless Steel 316Ti Materials

Testing (Destructive, Non Destructive)

Inspection

• Our internal inspection reports would be provided for all the goods before shipment.
• Buyers or their associates are most welcome to visit us for personal inspect
• We regularly have inspections ongoing at our premises from internationally acclaimed Inspection Agencies such as TUV, BVIS, SGS, Llyods, DNV etc.

Prices for Stainless Steel 316Ti Materials

Prices for stainless steel 316Ti materials are directly co related to prices of the raw materials such as iron ore, metal scrap, chromium, nickel and various other alloying elements. The production cost of heat resistant stainless steel and nickel alloy plates is high as they contain high amount of nickel and chromium. Meanwhile, mild steel material is among the lowest cost steel available, followed by carbon steel, 400 series stainless steels, aluminium, alloy steel, and 300 series stainless steel. Special alloys such as titanium, Inconel, Monel and Hastelloy cost very high as the nickel, chromium and moly content is very high.

For special and discounted prices for various types of stainless steel 316Ti products, please feel free to contact us through email, phone or whatsapp.

We are also regularly publishing our price list for various steel products on our blog.

Documents Provided at the time of Domestic Sales or Export of Stainless Steel 316Ti Products

Price Basis for Stainless Steel 316Ti Materials

We can offer any of the following price basis depending on your requirement:

• Ex-works
• FOR Site in India
• FOB Nhava Sheva
• CFR, CIF, CPT your destination port
• Door to Door Delivery Duty Paid as well as Duty Unpaid

Delivery Time of Stainless Steel 316Ti Materials

• If the items are available in stock, we take 2 days from the date of receipt of advance payment to clear the shipment and send it to port.
• And in-case the items are not availabe in stock, the time taken for manufacturing depends on the size, quantity and grade.
• However we can claim the fact that we can compete with anyone in India on Delivery time and most of the time our production time is the least.
• We have tied up with strong logistic partners in India which can undertake any type of shipping activities and make sure that there is no delay in shipment.

Marking & Packing of Stainless Steel 316Ti Materials

• All our products will have complete marking details which are co-related to the test certificates we supply.
• In case of orders for cut piece of Pipes, Sheets or Round Bars, the marking is transferred from the product from which it is cut. In such cases we provide Letter confirming the marking transfer and picture of the product from which it is cut.
• All goods are packed in wooden cases or pallets.